I-planifter iwumgogodla, inhliziyo yesigaba sokugaya endaweni yokugaya ufulawa yesimanje. Uma umshini wokugaya "ingcweti yokuchoboza," khona-ke i-planifter "iyingcweti yokuhlukanisa ngokunemba." Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwalo linquma ngokuqondile izinga lokukhishwa kukafulawa, isivuno, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokuzinza kokukhiqizwa kwayo yonke imboni.
I. Imisebenzi Esemqoka: Ukusefa Nokugreda
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-planifter uwukusefa ngokuqhubekayo, ngempumelelo, nangokunembile futhi uhlele ingxube evela ezigayweni zamarola, equkethe izinhlayiya ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ufulawa, ubhontshisi, kanye ne-endosperm.
Ukukhipha Ufulawa Ophelile:Ukwehlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu ezihlangabezana nokucaciswa kukafulawa kusuka kungxube ezothunyelwa njengomkhiqizo oqediwe esigabeni esilandelayo.
Ukulinganisa Izitoko Ezimaphakathi:Ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezingakalungeli ngokwanele ukuba zibe amamaki ahlukene ngokusekelwe kusayizi nekhwalithi (isb, okuqukethwe kwebran). Lawa mabanga afaka ufulawa omahhadlahhadla (dunst), semolina, middlings, nebran.
Ukusungula Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:Ukudlulisa ngokunembile isitokwe ngasinye esimisiwe emshinini wawo olandelayo owuqokiwe kule nqubo (njengezigayo ezihlukene zamarola noma izihlanzi), ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe inethiwekhi yokujikeleza kwalo lonke uhlelo lokugaya.
II. Isikhundla Neqhaza Eshidini Lokugeleza Lokugaya Ufulawa
I-planifter ayisebenzi yodwa. Ibhangqwe nezigayo ukuze zenze amayunithi "okugaya{1}}okuhlunga". Yonke inqubo yokugaya idalwe ngokuxhuma amayunithi anjalo amaningi ochungechungeni.
Umjikelezo Wenqubo Ojwayelekile:
I-Roller Mill (Ukugaya) → I-Plansifter (Ukuhlunga & Ukugreda) → Izitoko Ezigrediwe → Zithunyelwe ngokulandelana kwazo ku-Roller Mill noma Isihlanzi esikhethiwe → I-Reground → Faka i-Plansifter elandelayo...
Lo mjikelezo uyaphinda, kancane kancane ukhuhla i-endosperm ku-bran bese ulehlisa libe ufulawa.
Isakhiwo Sesistimu:Emshinini wokugaya kafulawa wamathani angu-100/ngosuku, ama-planifter amaningi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa, ngalinye linomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlunga phakathi "nezinhlelo" ezihlukene, isibonelo:
Break System Plansifter:Iphatha izinto ezivela kuma-break rolls. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukukhipha inani elikhulu-lofulawa wekhwalithi ephezulu kanye ne-grade bran, ama-middling amahholo, nama-middlings amahle.
I-Reduction System Plansifter:Iphatha izinto ezivela kumaroli okunciphisa. Umsebenzi wawo ukugaya nokusefa izinhlayiya ze-endosperm ezimsulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe ufulawa-ophakeme, ophansi{2}}womlotha.
Scratch System Plansifter:Iphatha izinto ezisuka kuma-scratch rolls. Icubungula izinhlayiya ze-endosperm ezinokunamathiselwe kwe-bran encane ukuze iqhubeke nokuhlanzwa.
I-Tailings System Plansifter:Iphatha izinto ezivela kuma-tailings rolls. Icubungula amasheya anokuqukethwe kwebran ephakeme, ihlose ukukhipha ufulawa omningi ngangokunokwenzeka kuyilapho igcina ikhwalithi kafulawa.
III. Isimiso Sokusebenza Nezici Zesakhiwo
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko:
I-Sieve Casing:Izindlu zensimbi ezinde, ezihlukaniswe ngaphakathi zibe izingxenye eziningana ezizimele noma "izigaba."
Sieve Frames:Izingxenye zokusebenza eziyinhloko. Isitaki ngasinye samafreyimu siqukethe izisefo ezinemininingwane ehlukene (elukwe ngosilika noma inezikhala enayiloni). Imbobo yemeshi ngokuvamile iba ngcono ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi, noma ilungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zenqubo. Okubalulekile kuhamba ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo okuvundlile phakathi kwamafreyimu. Izinhlayiya ezincane kunembobo ziyadlula ("ukudlula"), kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezinkulu zihlala endaweni yesisefo ("i-overtails").
I-Drive Mechanism:Ivamise ukushayelwa injini emile ebekwe phezulu. Ikhiqiza ukunyakaza okuvundlile, kwendiza okujikelezayo ngokusebenzisa ama-counterweights. Lokhu kunyakaza kusabalalisa impahla ngokulinganayo endaweni yesisefo, kuyenze inyakaze iphumele ngaphandle ukuze ithintane kahle nezimbobo.
Inqubo yokusebenza:
Okuphakelayo:Izinto eziphansi zingena zisuka phezulu kweplanifter futhi zisatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene nezindlela zokugeleza ezinqunywe kusengaphambili.
Ukuhlunga Okuqhubekayo:Impahla, eqhutshwa ukunyakaza kwe-rotary, idlula ngokulandelana kwezendlalelo ze-sieve ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene be-mesh.
Ukugreda nokuqoqwa:Isendlalelo ngasinye se-sieve sihlukanisa i-material ibe yi-overtails (egciniwe) kanye ne- throughs (edlulisiwe). Izinto eziphuma ezendlalelo ezahlukene nezindlela zokugeleza ziqoqwa ngokuhlukana ngamashaneli angaphakathi.
Ukukhipha:Okokugcina, izitolo eziningi ezingaphansi kwe-planafter ngesikhathi esisodwa zikhipha amasheya ahlukahlukene. Lezi zibe sezidluliswa ngokunembile (ngokuvamile ngomoya womoya) ezindaweni zazo ezifanele.
IV. Amapharamitha Abalulekile Wezobuchwepheshe kanye nomthelela
Ukusebenza kweplanifter kusho ukusebenza kahle kwayo yonke inqubo yokugaya:
Indawo Yokusefa Yobuso:Indawo yokuhlunga enkudlwana isho umthamo ophakeme kanye nokusefa ngokucophelela. Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-planifter ukuzuza indawo enkulu yokuhluza ngaphakathi kwendawo encane ngokunqwabelanisa izendlalelo eziningi. Isigayo esingamathani ayi-100/ngosuku sidinga indawo eyanele yokusefa elungiselelwe ngokuya ngomklamo wayo wenqubo.
Ukucushwa kwesisefo:Ukukhethwa kokucaciswa kwesisefo (ukubalwa kwemeshi, impahla, ukuminyana kwe-weave) kuyisici esibalulekile sokuklama kwenqubo. Inquma ngokuqondile ukunemba kokugreda, isilinganiso sokugeleza kwezitoko ezahlukene, kanye nemingcele yekhwalithi yokugcina kafulawa (njengosayizi wezinhlayiyana, okuqukethwe komlotha).
Ukusebenza Kokuhlunga:Iphesenti likafulawa ohlukanisekayo okhishwa esitokweni. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kuqinisekisa "ukukhishwa okuphezulu," kunciphisa ukuphindaphinda okungadingekile kwezinto, ukwandisa isivuno sikafulawa namandla, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Amapharamitha okunyakaza:Isivinini sokuzungezisa kanye ne-eccentricity inquma isivinini kanye ne-trajectory yezinto ezibonakalayo endaweni yesisefo. Lokhu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokusekelwe ezicini zesitoko kanye nokucaciswa kwesisefo.
Ukuhlanza isisefo:Ukuze uvimbele ukungaboni (ukuvala), amafreyimu esisefo avame ukuqukatha izinto zokuhlanza (isb., amapheshana endwangu, amabhola enjoloba) abhampa ngaphansi kwemeshi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okugcina izimbobo zicacile.
V. Isifinyezo: "Ihabhu Lokuhlukanisa" Lohlelo Lokugaya
Indima ye-planifter ingaqondwa ngokusebenzisa izifaniso:
Isikhungo sokulawula ithrafikhi:Kuthatha "i-traffic" exubile (izinto eziphansi ezisuka ezigayweni) futhi iqondise ngokunembile imoto ngayinye (izinhlayiya) endaweni yayo efanele elandelayo ngokusekelwe "kuhlobo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo" (usayizi nekhwalithi).
Umgcini-sango Wekhwalithi:Ngokugreda okunembayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-endosperm emsulwa kuphela engena ohlelweni lokunciphisa, olwenza ukukhiqizwa{0}}kofulawa okhethekile wekhwalithi ephezulu. Iphinde ivimbele ukuphuka kwebran ngokweqile ekungcoliseni ufulawa, iqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kofulawa.
Isiqiniseko Sesivuno Nenzuzo:Umthamo wokusefa we-planifter uvame ukuba yisithiyo esiyinhloko ekukhiqizeni isigayo. Ukusebenza kwayo ngendlela efanele futhi ezinzile kubalulekile ekuzuzeni umthamo oklanyiwe wesikhungo kanye nezinga lokulikhipha.
Ngaphandle kweplanifter, ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo, okunembayo, nokuqhubekayo kwesigayo sikafulawa sesimanje bekungenakwenzeka. Ima ithule emshinini wokugaya, yenza "imiyalo yokuhlunga" eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enembile ngokusebenzisa izinkulungwane zayo zezikhala zangaphakathi ezinezikhala, ezimele enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe ohambweni olusuka "ekugayeni" ukuya "kufulawa oqediwe."
